Thursday, October 11, 2012

History of Christianity 6: Schism and the Seeds of Schism

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The 21 Ecumenical Councils

I. FIRST COUNCIL OF NICAEA
Year: 325
Summary: The Council of Nicaea lasted two months and twelve days. Three hundred and eighteen bishops were present. Hosius, Bishop of Cordova, assisted as legate of Pope Sylvester. The Emperor Constantine was also present. To this council we owe the Nicene Creed, defining against Arius the true Divinity of the Son of God (homoousios), and the fixing of the date for keeping Easter (against the Quartodecimans).
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/11044a.htm
II. FIRST COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE
Year: 381
Summary: The First General Council of Constantinople, under Pope Damasus and the Emperor Theodosius I, was attended by 150 bishops. It was directed against the followers of Macedonius, who impugned the Divinity of the Holy Ghost. To the above-mentioned Nicene Creed it added the clauses referring to the Holy Ghost (qui simul adoratur) and all that follows to the end.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/04308a.htm
III. COUNCIL OF EPHESUS
Year: 431
Summary: The Council of Ephesus, of more than 200 bishops, presided over by St. Cyril of Alexandria representing Pope Celestine I, defined the true personal unity of Christ, declared Mary the Mother of God (theotokos) against Nestorius, Bishop of Constantinople, and renewed the condemnation of Pelagius.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/05491a.htm
IV. COUNCIL OF CHALCEDON
Year: 451
Summary: The Council of Chalcedon -- 150 bishops under Pope Leo the Great and the Emperor Marcian -- defined the two natures (Divine and human) in Christ against Eutyches, who was excommunicated.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/03555a.htm
V. SECOND COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE
Year: 553
Summary: The Second General Council of Constantinople, of 165 bishops under Pope Vigilius and Emperor Justinian I, condemned the errors of Origen and certain writings (The Three Chapters) of Theodoret, of Theodore, Bishop of Mopsuestia and of Ibas, Bishop of Edessa; it further confirmed the first four general councils, especially that of Chalcedon whose authority was contested by some heretics.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/04308b.htm
VI. THIRD COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE
Years: 680-681
Summary: The Third General Council of Constantinople, under Pope Agatho and the Emperor Constantine Pogonatus, was attended by the Patriarchs of Constantinople and of Antioch, 174 bishops, and the emperor. It put an end to Monothelitism by defining two wills in Christ, the Divine and the human, as two distinct principles of operation. It anathematized Sergius, Pyrrhus, Paul, Macarius, and all their followers.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/04310a.htm
VII. SECOND COUNCIL OF NICAEA
Year: 787
Summary: The Second Council of Nicaea was convoked by Emperor Constantine VI and his mother Irene, under Pope Adrian I, and was presided over by the legates of Pope Adrian; it regulated the veneration of holy images. Between 300 and 367 bishops assisted.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/11045a.htm
VIII. FOURTH COUNCIL OF CONSTANTINOPLE
Year: 869
Summary: The Fourth General Council of Constantinople, under Pope Adrian II and Emperor Basil numbering 102 bishops, 3 papal legates, and 4 patriarchs, consigned to the flames the Acts of an irregular council (conciliabulum) brought together by Photius against Pope Nicholas and Ignatius the legitimate Patriarch of Constantinople; it condemned Photius who had unlawfully seized the patriarchal dignity. The Photian Schism, however, triumphed in the Greek Church, and no other general council took place in the East.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/04310b.htm
IX. FIRST LATERAN COUNCIL
Year: 1123
Summary: The First Lateran Council, the first held at Rome, met under Pope Callistus II. About 900 bishops and abbots assisted. It abolished the right claimed by lay princes, of investiture with ring and crosier to ecclesiastical benefices and dealt with church discipline and the recovery of the Holy Land from the infidels.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/09016b.htm
X. SECOND LATERAN COUNCIL
Year: 1139
Summary: The Second Lateran Council was held at Rome under Pope Innocent II, with an attendance of about 1000 prelates and the Emperor Conrad. Its object was to put an end to the errors of Arnold of Brescia.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/09017a.htm
XI. THIRD LATERAN COUNCIL
Year: 1179
Summary: The Third Lateran Council took place under Pope Alexander III, Frederick I being emperor. There were 302 bishops present. It condemned the Albigenses and Waldenses and issued numerous decrees for the reformation of morals.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/09017b.htm
XII. FOURTH LATERAN COUNCIL
Year: 1215
Summary: The Fourth Lateran Council was held under Innocent III. There were present the Patriarchs of Constantinople and Jerusalem, 71 archbishops, 412 bishops, and 800 abbots the Primate of the Maronites, and St. Dominic. It issued an enlarged creed (symbol) against the Albigenses (Firmiter credimus), condemned the Trinitarian errors of Abbot Joachim, and published 70 important reformatory decrees. This is the most important council of the Middle Ages, and it marks the culminating point of ecclesiastical life and papal power.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/09018a.htm
XIII. FIRST COUNCIL OF LYONS
Year: 1245
Summary: The First General Council of Lyons was presided over by Innocent IV; the Patriarchs of Constantinople, Antioch, and Aquileia (Venice), 140 bishops, Baldwin II, Emperor of the East, and St. Louis, King of France, assisted. It excommunicated and deposed Emperor Frederick II and directed a new crusade, under the command of St. Louis, against the Saracens and Mongols.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/09476b.htm
XIV. SECOND COUNCIL OF LYONS
Year: 1274
Summary: The Second General Council of Lyons was held by Pope Gregory X, the Patriarchs of Antioch and Constantinople, 15 cardinals, 500 bishops, and more than 1000 other dignitaries. It effected a temporary reunion of the Greek Church with Rome. The word filioque was added to the symbol of Constantinople and means were sought for recovering Palestine from the Turks. It also laid down the rules for papal elections.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/09476c.htm
XV. COUNCIL OF VIENNE
Years: 1311-1313
Summary: The Council of Vienne was held in that town in France by order of Clement V, the first of the Avignon popes. The Patriarchs of Antioch and Alexandria, 300 bishops (114 according to some authorities), and 3 kings -- Philip IV of France, Edward II of England, and James II of Aragon -- were present. The synod dealt with the crimes and errors imputed to the Knights Templars, the Fraticelli, the Beghards, and the Beguines, with projects of a new crusade, the reformation of the clergy, and the teaching of Oriental languages in the universities.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/15423a.htm
XVI. COUNCIL OF CONSTANCE
Years: 1414-1418
The Council of Constance was held during the great Schism of the West, with the object of ending the divisions in the Church. It became legitimate only when Gregory XI had formally convoked it. Owing to this circumstance it succeeded in putting an end to the schism by the election of Pope Martin V, which the Council of Pisa (1403) had failed to accomplish on account of its illegality. The rightful pope confirmed the former decrees of the synod against Wyclif and Hus. This council is thus ecumenical only in its last sessions (42-45 inclusive) and with respect to the decrees of earlier sessions approved by Martin V.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/04288a.htm
XVII. COUNCIL OF BASLE/FERRARA/FLORENCE
Years: 1431-1439
Summary: The Council of Basle met first in that town, Eugene IV being pope, and Sigismund Emperor of the Holy Roman Empire. Its object was the religious pacification of Bohemia. Quarrels with the pope having arisen, the council was transferred first to Ferrara (1438), then to Florence (1439), where a short-lived union with the Greek Church was effected, the Greeks accepting the council's definition of controverted points. The Council of Basle is only ecumenical till the end of the twenty-fifth session, and of its decrees Eugene IV approved only such as dealt with the extirpation of heresy, the peace of Christendom, and the reform of the Church, and which at the same time did not derogate from the rights of the Holy See.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/06111a.htm
XVIII. FIFTH LATERAN COUNCIL
Years: 1512-1517
Summary: The Fifth Lateran Council sat from 1512 to 1517 under Popes Julius II and Leo X, the emperor being Maximilian I. Fifteen cardinals and about eighty archbishops and bishops took part in it. Its decrees are chiefly disciplinary. A new crusade against the Turks was also planned, but came to naught, owing to the religious upheaval in Germany caused by Luther.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/09018b.htm
XIX. COUNCIL OF TRENT
Years: 1545-1563
Summary: The Council of Trent lasted eighteen years (1545-1563) under five popes: Paul III, Julius III, Marcellus II, Paul IV and Pius IV, and under the Emperors Charles V and Ferdinand. There were present 5 cardinal legates of the Holy See, 3 patriarchs, 33 archbishops, 235 bishops, 7 abbots, 7 generals of monastic orders, and 160 doctors of divinity. It was convoked to examine and condemn the errors promulgated by Luther and other Reformers, and to reform the discipline of the Church. Of all councils it lasted longest, issued the largest number of dogmatic and reformatory decrees, and produced the most beneficial results.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/15030c.htm
XX. FIRST VATICAN COUNCIL
Years: 1869-1870
Summary: The Vatican Council was summoned by Pius IX. It met 8 December, 1869, and lasted till 18 July, 1870, when it was adjourned; it is still (1908) unfinished. There were present 6 archbishop-princes, 49 cardinals, 11 patriarchs, 680 archbishops and bishops, 28 abbots, 29 generals of orders, in all 803. Besides important canons relating to the Faith and the constitution of the Church, the council decreed the infallibility of the pope when speaking ex cathedra, i.e. when as shepherd and teacher of all Christians, he defines a doctrine concerning faith or morals to be held by the whole Church.
Further Reading: www.newadvent.org/cathen/15303a.htm
XXI. SECOND VATICAN COUNCIL
Years: 1962-1965

Source: The Catholic Encyclopedia

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Home > Catholic Library > The 21 Ecumenical Councils

The 21 Ecumenical Councils

Source: The Catholic Encyclopedia

Friday, October 5, 2012

And it is God who choose to restrict heavens access to what is taught By Jesus, through Peter and the Catholic Church. [Mt. 16:18-19]--The second point is the it is GOD who choose Peter and the Apostles--This sad reality stems from “everyone being entitled

Monday, August 27, 2012

patrick j miron how to Annoy - human error and incorrect understanding

just in time for christmas

Any and All evidence of a seemingly contradictive

statement is PROOF POSITIVE of human error

of and incorrect understanding.

So how does one then resolve such apparent conflicts of theology, doctrine and understanding will become our first priority to explain.

Consider the following points carefully and prayerfully.

Logic itself assures that God would have anticipated this potential problem of wrong understanding, in the course of human-secular history, and would have Himself provided the answer.

Logic also confirms that for every precisely defined issue there

can only be One single truth.

The First element of truth to be exposed has two key elements:

1. Never in the recorded history of the God-man relationship,

has God even one time indicated that He God would approve of any alternative Faith beliefs

not taught by Him personally

; or Inspired and fully protected by the Holy Spirit.

If anyone did chosen to teach a different Faith., such actions were often the impetus for swift and severe rebukes by God.

While after 2,000 years there remains ONLY One Catholic Church, [23 braches], all sharing the same,

One set of commonly held faith beliefs;

our Protestant brethren have a HUGE number of differing sets of faith beliefs, often within the same denomination

; indicative of what might be expected without God’s Own Guidance, protection and warranty.

This sad reality stems from “everyone being entitled

[somehow?] to their own understanding

[with God’s expected approval of it.]

ONLY the CC actually has these gifts and assurance, of God’s own Truths and such is proven by the Bible itself.

Romans 13: 1-4 “Let every person be subject to the governing authorities. [Appointed by Christ Himself] For there is no authority except from God,and those that exist have been instituted by God.

Therefore he who resists the authorities resists what God has appointed, and those who resist will incur judgment. For rulers are not a terror to good conduct, but to bad. Would you have no fear of him who is in authority? Then do what is good, and you will receive his approval, for he is God's servant for your good.

But if you do wrong, be afraid, for he does not bear the sword in vain; he is the servant of God to execute his wrath on the wrongdoer.”

2. The second point is the it is GOD who choose Peter and the Apostles

. And it is God who choose to restrict heavens access to what is taught By Jesus, through Peter and the Catholic Church. [Mt. 16:18-19]

Thursday, September 27, 2012

lost in space patrick j miron---“For such men are false apostles, facts or opinions

here we go

V

Protestant Theology & Catholic Doctrines

Exposed to cover & discover the “Naked Truth“... Catholic responses to the Booklet: “Answers to my Catholic Friends” by Thomas F. Heinze … Part 5b

A Catholic reply to Protestant “[mis]- Understandings” Part 5b

DEVIDED INTO 3 SEPARATE LESSONS

A friendly word of caution to our non-Catholic friends

2Cor.11:13 to 15 “For such men are false apostles,

[NOTE: There can logically only be One Truth per precise issue.

What are the odds that the truth didn’t happen for 1, 500 YEARS after the Bible had been written?] deceitful workmen,

disguising themselves as apostles of Christ.

And no wonder, for even Satan disguises himself as an angel of light.

So it is not strange if his servants also disguise themselves as servants of righteousness.

[Perhaps unknowingly]

Their end will correspond to their deeds.”

The Bible never infers that that any saints, living or dead, sympathize with us more than God does. …

This is a irrelevant observation.

Paul speaks directly to and about those he understands

are doing all that is required to become saints.

He praises there example and ask others to emulate them. Catholics do not so much prayer to Saints

[as THROUGH them to God],

NOT because they are more sympathetic than God;

No, we Catholics pray THROUGH them because they STAND IN THE VERY PRESENCE OF GOD,

and then add to our prayers, there own on our behalf.]

Heb. 12: 1 “Therefore, since we are surrounded by so great a cloud of witnesses, [SAINTS in heaven] let us also lay aside every weight, and sin which clings so closely, and let us run with perseverance the race that is set before us, looking to Jesus the pioneer and perfecter of our faith, who for the joy that was set before him endured the cross, despising the shame, and is seated at the right hand of the throne of God.”

Tob.12: 15 “I am Raphael, one of the seven holy [Arch] angels [Saints and Angels are considered here to be of similar class] who present the prayers of the saints and enter into the presence of the glory of the Holy One."

2 Tim. 1: 16-18 Paul Prays for the dead: 16 May the Lord grant mercy to the household of Onesiphorus, for he often refreshed me; he was not ashamed of my chains, but when he arrived in Rome he searched for me eagerly and found me-- may the Lord grant him to find mercy from the Lord on that Day--and you well know all the service he rendered at Ephesus.”

1Mac.12:11 “We therefore remember you constantly on every occasion, both in our feasts and on other appropriate days, at the sacrifices which we offer and in our prayers, as it is right and proper to remember brethren”

Christ Himself tells us to whom we should pray.

Matt.7:7-8 “Ask, and it will be given you; seek, and you will find; knock, and it will be opened to you. For every one who asks receives, and he who seeks finds, and to him who knocks it will be opened.

Do Protestants Believe in the Saints ? Yes BUT, not the same understanding of the term as Catholics have.

WHY don’t Protestants pray to saints? …

Because the bible tells us not too [“because they are idols.”]

“To answer the Catholic argument that “saints do answer prayers” with miracles,

we must respond that spiritual manifestations

[including miracles]

can come from two different places:

God, or the Devil and his demons.” …

Patrick j miron opinion and commentary delusion

THIS FRIENDS IS A SPIRITUAL IMPOSSIBILITY.

JUST AS GOD CANNOT CAUSE EVIL DIRECTLY;

SATAN IS LIMITED BY GOD IN WHAT HE CAN accomplish IN GOD’S NAME.

These same powers and authority granted to the Apostles continue to flow through His one Church in order to fulfill God’s mandate to “teach the whole world”

Mt. 28:19-20. …John 17: 18-19 “As thou didst send me into the world, so I have sent them into the world. [WITH MY GODLY POWERS AND AUTHORITY]

And for their sake I consecrate myself, that they also may be consecrated in truth”

We shall begin our Catholic Response; exposing “The NAKED TRUTH”.

God and truth are on the side of the only set of Faith beliefs found in the New Covenant ; for the newly “Chosen People” of His one and only Catholic Church, with His One and only One, set of faith beliefs.

FACTS: according to patrick j miron opinion

and commentary--- singular---

1. Only Peter and the CC through him have been GRANTED the “keys” [ALL THAT IS NECESSARY for one’s own salvation] by Jesus Himself in person…Matt. 16:15-19

2. The term “church” was first introduced by Jesus Himself in Matt. 16:18 “And I [Jesus] tell you, you are Peter, and on this rock I will build my church,” [SINGULAR]

3. Therefore it is a FACT that every reference to “church and churches” contained in the Bible, must and Do reference ONLY to today’s Catholic Church. The ONLY “church” in the entire world when the bible was completely written.

4. No where in the entire Bible, either explicitly or implicitly did God EVER approve of ANY set of teachings, or ANY “other church or Faith” other than the RCC [and the 23 branches aligned with Her]

5. Therefore what Thomas and protestant denominations seem to have done is violate the very code of the Bible, by denial of God’s actual and real teaching, or simply not understanding them, and proliferate “faiths” designed by mortal men, based on convenience, ease of worship, and ONLY human-logic; who it appears think that they know more; or know better than Jesus Christ Himself. The ONLY set of faith beliefs actually given by God, Inspired by God, Protected by God and warranted by Jesus Himself. Mt. 16:15-19; Mt. 28:16-20; John 14:16-17; John 17:15-19; and John 20:19-22... And in John 15 and 19 Jesus specifically transfers His Power and His Authority to His CC; and never; ever to anyone else can this be said of. “As the Father has sent ME; so to I God send YOU!” “My Catholic] Church“.

6. For more than ONE THOUSAND YEARS the only Christian-“church” that existed was today’s Catholic Church.

7. The NT alone provides more than One HUNDRED proofs of Only One God; Only His One set of beliefs, in and through His only One Catholic Church. And YES, I can provide the list.

John.10: 16 “And I have other sheep, that are not of this fold; I must bring them also, and they will heed my voice

. So there shall be one flock, one shepherd”

Eph. 4: 1-7 “I therefore, a prisoner for the Lord, beg you to lead a life worthy of the calling to which you have been called, with all lowliness and meekness, with patience, forbearing one another in love, eager to maintain the unity of the Spirit in the bond of peace.

There is one body and one Spirit, just as you were called to the one hope that belongs to your call, one Lord, one faith, one baptism, one God and Father of us all, who is above all and through all and in all. But grace was given to each of us according to the measure of Christ's gift.”

Eph. 2:19-20 “So then you are no longer strangers and sojourners, but you are fellow citizens with the saints and members of the household of God,

[SINGULAR] built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets, Christ Jesus himself being the cornerstone, in whom the whole structure is joined together and grows into a holy temple in the Lord; [SINGULAR] in whom you also are built into it for a dwelling place of God in the Spirit.”

Eph. 3: 9-10 “And to make all men see what is the plan of the mystery hidden for ages in God who created all things;

that through the church [SINGULAR] the manifold wisdom of God might now be made known to the principalities and powers in the heavenly places.

This was according to the eternal purpose which he has realized in Christ Jesus our Lord,

So my friends how are we to respond to this level of misunderstandings?

There can be and there is only one singular truth.

God and logic permits only one truth per issue.

With God’s assistance with we shall present it with charity, and clarity, these truths as taught By Christ Himself and allow you to decide who shares the singular truth.

We’ll tackle this task by topic,

so that one can gain a right [fully supported by the Bible],

understanding of the Catholic Position; which is defacto: GOD”S ONLY POSITION.